For the short-term I would not worry too much about WhatsApp eroding voice revenues for local carriers. I see this service as a Value addition for WhatsApp to differentiate itself from competitors as a one-size fits all tool. Perhaps something to get users excited about. On the local front, existing infrastructure and data costs shouldn't make the cellular market shift their habits immediately.
I base this on the following. One, a majority of Kenyans do not have smartphones. Two, data costs are pretty expensive for the larger smartphone using population. Most Kenyans primarily use Safaricom and their data would be pretty expensive for data calls. Maybe airtel users may adopt the service quicker. Three, this product is targeted at smartphone users. However, most handsets have limited battery life. Most users simply will not let their 3G or 4G settings remain on for the purposes of receiving a call, at cost, when the same can be achieved more efficiently through traditional means. Four, not everyone uses WhatsApp despite its widespread adoption here. Five, 3G coverage in the country.
With improved battery technology, carrier infrastructure and increased adoption, perhaps these points may be moot in future.
I'm open to criticism or thoughts on the same.